Management and Organizational Behavior Encouraging Employees

Question: Describe about the Management and Organizational Behavior for Encouraging Employees. Answer: Introduction Motivation in an organization is an activity of encouraging employees to perform better so that they are able to accomplish the goals and objectives. It is a theoretical concept that explains the behavior. The assignment addresses the theories of motivation and the use of these theories in the organization. The author has chosen Starbucks to evaluate the motivational theories and concepts and analyze the use of these in the organization. The assignment highlights the strengths and weakness of the three motivation theories such as need theory, cognitive activities and reward and reinforcement. It describes the main needs and expectations that managers have to take not in order to motivate the employees (Drnyei and Ushioda 2013). Body Basic model of motivation: Motivation is the behavior that humans hold. Motivation theory is the process of explaining why and how human behavior is activated. There is various motivation theory that are as follows: Maslows hierarchy of needs Motivator hygiene theory Alderfers ERG theory McClellands learned needs theory (Heinrichs et al. 2013). The major theories of motivation are: Expectancy motivation theory Equity theory Reinforcement theory Goal setting theory. The basic aim of motivation is to encourage employees to work hard to accomplish goals and objectives. It helps in improving the productivity of the firm as it encourages team building. Three motivation theories: Maslows Need theory of motivation: The need theory of motivation is divided into several hierarchies as follows: Physiological component includes the basic need of humans that is hunger, shelter, food and other needs. Safety component includes security and protection that is generated from physical and emotional harm. Social component includes affection, belongingness, acceptance and friendship. Esteem includes social status that the humans have such as achievement, autonomy and other factors. Self-actualization is the highest level of need. The strength of the need theory is that it is applicable to all the human beings. The weakness is that there is little growth opportunity and the model risky in nature (Kaur 2013). Cognitive theory of motivation: There are two types of cognitive motivation theory that is expectancy theory and goal settings theory. Expectancy theory explains the reason of the humans to choose one behavioral option over the others. Goal setting theory explains the motivation that is required for setting the goals and objectives. The strength of the theory is that it is easily approachable and accessible while the disadvantage is that it is a combination of two theories that makes it difficult to understand (Miner 2013). Reinforcement theory of motivation: It is one of the oldest motivation theories that are based on traditional findings that is based on behavior of people. The theory is also known as behaviorism. The weakness of the theory is that it was made out of frustration and hence lacks direct observing phenomenon. The strength is that the theory has been used in many fields of study such as raising children and training animals (Reeve 2014). Case study: Starbucks: Starbucks is a well-known coffee shop that is well known for the employee management. It is well known for not only coffee but also staff service. The company uses Maslows theory of motivation to motivate its employees. Starbucks uses Maslows theory of employee motivation by trying to fulfill the needs of employees such as safety needs, social needs, physiological needs and other needs. Starbucks provides security and protection to the employment and encourage them to work as a team by giving competitive salary. The employees at Starbucks treat each other with respect that keeps the self-esteem of people high (Chua and Banerjee 2013). The working condition is good that encourages works to work hard. Starbucks gives employees an opportunity to grow and develop providing them to work in a flexible environment. The competitive salary, working environment and the flexible management helps in motivating employees to work better. Starbucks is known for its efficient management of employees and the service that it provides. Hence, studying the case of Starbucks is essential to understand the motivation theories used. Conclusion Motivating employees at workplace is necessary to encourage them to work hard and achieve the set goals and targets. There are various motivation theories developed by various authors. Each theory has some weakness and strengths. Motivation is the behavior that people hold. It is the responsibility of managers and leaders in an organization to motivate employees. Maslows hierarchy need theory is the most widely used theory in many organizations. Starbucks that is a coffee house also uses Maslows need theory to motivate the employees. References Chua, A.Y. and Banerjee, S., 2013. Customer knowledge management via social media: the case of Starbucks.Journal of Knowledge Management,17(2), pp.237-249. Drnyei, Z. and Ushioda, E., 2013.Teaching and researching: Motivation. Routledge. Heinrichs, K., Oser, F. and Lovat, T. eds., 2013.Handbook of moral motivation: theories, models, applications(Vol. 1). Springer Science Business Media. Kaur, A., 2013. Maslows Need Hierarchy Theory: Applications and Criticisms.Global Journal of Management and Business Studies,3(10), pp.1061-1064. Miner, J.B., 2013. Miner (2013), Addendum: The Role Motivation Theories of Organizational Leadership.Transformational and Charismatic Leadership: The Road Ahead 10th Anniversary Edition (Monographs in Leadership and Management, Volume 5) Emerald Group Publishing Limited,5, pp.395-398. Reeve, J., 2014.Understanding motivation and emotion. John Wiley Sons.